Relationship Between Goals and Objectives

Relationship Between Goals and Objectives Goals and the objectives are included as parts of the process. What a company expects to accomplish throughout the year is described by goals and objectives. These goals and objectives are essential to the company as a whole, departments, employees and customers. Once the company reach certain goals, it is typically struggle for even loftier goals. Goals and objectives pressures to get a communication in the company, so all the staffs in the company can work in synch in achieving them. Goals are realistic,specific and measureable. Business policies are usually show the ways which facilitate the ability of a company or organization to reach predetermined objectives formulated by top-level management. Business policies are the endpoints related with plans designed to reach company goals. Both policies and business objectives maybe added into plans as determined by a business organisation. The objective is the end to a plan and policy is served as a mode and manner used to reach each ob jectives. Those are the relationship between goals, objectives and policies. Referring to the case study, the Scotia Airways objective is to introduce the flight to major European tourist destinations and goals is to expand the major business centres in Eastern Europe and the Middle and Far East. In order to accomplish those goals and objectives, Scotia Airways try to change its policy which can make Scotia Airway to successfully expand and compete in a challenging market. To effective managerial performance, keep moving the Scotia Airway with this present managing system and need to be more formal and precise than the present. The main principle of Open System Theory The main principles of the open system is that many environmental changes and influences that impacted the efficiency of organisation. It means the newfound belief that all organisation are perfect in part because of the unique environment in which they operate and that they should be structured to accommodate unique problems and opportunities. All in all Open system is try to live in or struggle to the effect or sudden change of the surrounding or environment. In this case study, Scotia Airway going to expand into international Airlines from domestic markets, thus the current managing system will be changed soon and the requirements of skillful new workers who can control the international airlines and the current staffs might be fired or replaced their seats by them. This is the effect on the change of the organisation. The another example is that the government of EU and UK government relax their control over the licensing of airline provision. When the situation is changed or it comes like a huge chance or Scotia Airways, the airline decided to expand their destinations from covering eight destinations. This can be called the change according to the change of situation or environment. The main differences between the formal and informal organisation within Scotia Airways The differences between the formal organisation and informal organisation can be seen obviously. The formal organisation consists of the formally recognized and established statues of the members. The relationship between the members is more a status relationship than a personal relationship. The informal organisation consists of role rather than statuses. The relationship between the members is more a personal relationship or role relationship than the status relationship. There is authority in formal organisations hence there is super ordination ad subordination. Individuals are valuable because of their status and prestige. A leadership can be found in formal organisation hence dominance and submission can be found. The roles and esteem of individuals are valuable. Formal organisation may have long history of their own. Informal organisations are not comparatively more inflexible. It is not easy to bring change in them for example it is difficult to bring change or amendment in th e constitution. Informal organisations are more flexible. There is no rigidity there. Changes can be bought forth easily. It require only the change in attitudes of the members. Referring to the case study, Scotia Airway is planning to expand and new staffs are going to be appointed. There will be informal organisation and informal organisation during the change. If the old staff afraid to do new tasks, they are going to be left behind and all the old staffs might be in a group and will be formed as an informal group. In the other hand, the new staffs combine and together and finally a formal group will be found. Four primary stakeholders of Scotia Airways The primary stakeholders of the Scotia Airways are shareholders, suppliers, government and competitors. They do interest in and influence on the organisation. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Shareholders Shareholders have authority in the organisation and they interested every single action of the orginisation does because when the organisation gain a profit, the shareholders can earn moneys and verse versa they invest a lot of money into the organisation. So the shareholders need to know whethere the organisation get profit or facing with failure and get loss. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Suppliers For the suppliers, they also take part in a list who interested company the most. Scotia Airway use the aeroplanes provided by suppliers. They need to know whether the company still using their products planes or using the others. Although they interested in the organistation, they don’t have any authority on the organisation. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Government Government is placed at the top of the list which is the collection of people who interested in to theorganisation. The government do interest the company because he is the most powerful person who has authority and even he can shut down the company or to make improve. If the organization earns profits, he can collect tasks from the organistion. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Competitors The competitors also tracing and listening the news of one of its competitors, the Scotia Airway. They need to focusing on the Scotia Airways about its news such as promotions, services etc. They don’t have any authority to the Scotia Airways. Control Strategy After drawing up preliminary plans for the expansion, the management team of Scotia Airways is needed to track whether the desired result will be come out or not. Strategic controls help analyzing the Scotia Airways and its ability, strengths and opportunities. The four kinds of strategic controls are premise control, implementation control and special alert control. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Premise control It is based on an assumed premise of how things will take place in the future. It allows the Scotia Airways to inspect whether this assumption still holds true when the plans are being built as action. That may be influenced by environmental factors such as inflation, interest rates, social changes or by industry factors of competitors, suppliers and barriers. These controls can adapt the strategy accordingly when changes of premise occurred. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Implementation control Not to do the adjustment to the strategy, implementation control has to be used. The two basic forms of implementation control are monitoring strategic trusts and doing milestone overviews. The former can be used in order to gain market share from planning and the latter for conducting a full-scale assessment of Scotia Airways. à ¯Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ · Special alert control The mechanisms are required in place to assess the position of Scotia Airways in the case of sudden events such as natural disasters. It allows to reconsider the relevancy of the plan or strategy in light of new event. Bibliography Carpenter, M., Bauer, T., Erdogan, B. (n.d.). The nature of goals and objectives. Retrieved from 1. http://www.catalog.flatworldknowledge.com/bookhub/5?e=carpenter-ch06_s01 Organisation theory. (n.d.). Retrieved from 2. http://www.referenceforbusiness.com/small/Op-Qu/Organisation-Theory.html Williams, J. (n.d.). Control Strategy. Retrieved from http://www.yourbusiness.azcentral.com/four-types-strategic-control-24352.html MULLINS, L. (2010). MANAGEMENT ORGANISATIONAL BEHAVIOUR (NINTH ed.). PEARSON.

Where do Babies Come From? :: Sex Reproduction Essays

Where do Babies Come From? missing works cited Emily Martin argues that medical and scientific publications naturalize gender roles by presenting â€Å"facts† that reflect socially constructed ideas about gender. This misrepresentation is reflected in much of the information intended to educate children about the â€Å"facts† of life. Each of the pieces included in our course reader manifest this distortion to some degree. Because individuals begin to formulate ideas about gender at a very early age, such indoctrination is particularly precarious when presented during a child’s formative years. Feminists argue that Santa Claus, Sleeping Beauty and Snow White are also dangerous fictionalizations but depictions of stereotypical male/female roles presented to young people as serious, straightforward answers to important questions is far more sinister and the implications more dangerous to a society that values and espouses equality. Many of the tired old gender clichà ©s are used in all of the books in order to weave together an answer to one of life’s inevitable questions: â€Å"Where do babies come from?† In attempting to answer this question, even the most well-intentioned parent is bound to instill false ideas about gender if he or she relies on most of the popular literature that attempts to broach this difficult topic. Females and their roles in the sexual process are almost always represented as passive mothers, caretakers, supporters of males—being acted upon—whereas men are the actors, initiators, adventurers, rescuers--in fact, the only ones really doing anything at all. The father goes on to say that â€Å"in bed† (an unnecessary assumption) a â€Å"daddy puts his penis inside† the woman’s vagina, â€Å"the sperm comes out of the daddy’s penis and goes into the mommy’s vagina, and then the sperm meets the egg and a baby starts† (Brooks). This typical description is repeated in another work with the â€Å"man lying so close to the woman that his penis can fit into her vagina† so that â€Å"one of his sperms can get to one of her eggs† (Sheffield, 17). In a more euphemistic description a â€Å"father bird puts his opening against the mother’s and sperm cells enter her and swim to the egg† and later â€Å"a shell forms around the egg† (Zapun). Rather than initiated by the egg, this action is carried out by one of it’s parts or, one could argue, a completely distinct part. Another book, What To Expect When Mommy’s Having A Baby states only that â€Å"the daddy puts his sperm inside the mommy,† giving absolutely no clue as to how this is physically accomplished.

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans

The Sociological Reactions to the Return of Vietnam Veterans Upon their return from the Vietnam War, many veterans were shocked upon the reaction (or lack thereof) displayed by the citizens of the States who had remained on the home front. When finally landing back on American soil, many veterans expected to be greeted with celebration and maybe even a parade, acknowledging their service and dedication to the Vietnam cause.However, veterans were instead greeted by protestors who did not agree with the United States’ participation in the war (ironically, not all veterans wholly supported the cause itself, but instead went out of respect and devotion to their country). In an article written by Vietnam veteran Bill Hunt, it is clear to see that not only were strangers hostile towards veterans, but even friends and family treated the returning soldiers with annoyance, anger, or at the best, apathy.He states that it felt like family members had not even known he was at war; they re acted to his return much like one would react to someone returning from the grocery store: with just a casual hello, disregarding the danger and the high level of devotion that had been experienced. Hunt’s family barely acknowledged that he had ever even gone to war. The experiences of Vietnam vets were simply viewed as a part of every-day life.The war was not even taken seriously by many people, and veterans (specifically Hunt) were appalled by the flippant and insensitive (though innocent and thoughtless) comments made by others, family included. To the vets, it had been a hellish experience, and many experienced Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, depression, and many became dependent on drugs and alcohol to get through the psychological after-effects of being involved in such stressful and torturous circumstances.However, appallingly, many were unable to get the help they needed. Medical aid was not made available to them right away, and a shocking percentage of Americans vie wed them as crazy and dangerous to society. Some even thought that the veterans deserved their psychological conditions. Suicide became increasingly common as many veterans experienced completely unfounded hatred and degradation. Part of this is due to the younger generation, which had begun the hippie movement.The ideas of â€Å"peace† and â€Å"love† were emphasized. Because of this, many returning veterans were greeted with shouts of â€Å"baby killer† and other completely untrue and offensive things. They were also given stereotypes of overarching drug use. Additionally, television was available to households for the first time. Because of this, there was no watering-down or censorship of the conditions of the Vietnam War. Many veterans were portrayed incorrectly and much confusion was experienced by the public due to mixed messages.Regardless of the cause, the fact remains that the Vietnam veterans are one of the most unjustly maligned groups of people in A merican history. The war was politically unpopular and many veterans were accused of a lack of dedication and â€Å"not fighting hard enough†. The disrespect that had been shown towards these veterans was and still is disgusting: regardless of whether or not one agrees with the cause, it is inexcusable that these veterans were not commended for their sacrifice. Comparison to The Return of a Private and Currently Returning Veterans The Return of a Private

Overview of the Economics of Demand

When people think about what it means to demand something, they usually envision some sort of but I want it sort of scenario.  Economists, on the other hand, have a very precise definition of demand. For them demand is the relationship between the quantity of a good or service consumers will purchase and the price charged for that good. More precisely and formally the Economics Glossary defines demand as the want or desire to possess a good or service with the necessary goods, services, or financial instruments necessary to make a legal transaction for those goods or services.  Put another way, an individual must is willing, able, and ready to purchase an item if they are to be counted as demanding an item. What Demand Is Not Demand is not simply a quantity consumers wish to purchase such as 5 oranges or 17 shares of Microsoft, because demand represents the entire relationship between quantity desired of a good and all possible prices charged for that good. The specific quantity desired for a good at a given price is known as the quantity demanded. Typically a time period is also given when describing quantity demanded, since obviously the quantity demanded of an item would differ based on whether we were talking about per day, per week, and so on. Examples of Quantity Demanded When the price of an orange is 65 cents the quantity demanded is 300 oranges a week. If the local Starbucks lowers their price of a tall coffee from $1.75 to $1.65, the quantity demanded will rise from 45 coffees an hour to 48 coffees an hour. Demand Schedules A demand schedule is a table which lists the possible prices for a good and service and the associated quantity demanded. The demand schedule for oranges could look (in part) as follows: 75 cents - 270 oranges a week70 cents - 300 oranges a week65 cents - 320 oranges a week60 cents - 400 oranges a week Demand Curves A demand curve is simply a demand schedule presented in graphical form. The standard presentation of a demand curve has price given on the Y-axis and quantity demanded on the X-axis.  You can see a basic example of a demand curve in the picture presented with this article. The Law of Demand The law of demand states that, ceteribus paribus (Latin for assuming all else is held constant), the quantity demanded for a good rises as the price falls. In other words, the quantity demanded and price are inversely related. Demand curves are drawn as downward sloping due to this inverse relationship between price and quantity demanded. Price Elasticity of Demand The price elasticity of demand represents how sensitive quantity demanded is to changes in price.